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What are the most beautiful informative non-fiction books you have read? By informative I mean not "literary" non-fiction, but histories, social science monographs, biographies, textbooks, cookbooks, how-to books, etc.
The Puzzle People by Thomas Starzl covers the glory and the tragedy of surgery in the 20th century through the story of transplantation. Forgive and Remember by Charles Bosk covers why surgeons are allowed to make mistakes.
The Blood of Government by Paul Kramer. Pretty dark and not necessarily “beautiful,” in its text, but beautiful in the sense that Kramer clearly agonized over creating a comprehensive and honest history about a topic that has been purposefully suppressed and willingly forgotten.
Names on the Land by George R. Stewart is a beautifully written record of toponyms in the US. And I reviewed Johnston's wonderful Writing and Illuminating and Lettering here: https://www.lit.salon/reviews/OL2200371W/DtP2pSO1Tm2U1KvLGvOE/When-technical-handbooks-had-flair
Rod Machado's Private Pilot Handbook. My mum bought it for me when I was 12, and now, as an instructor, I reference it when explaining concepts to student pilots. There's something very special about a skilled author who can make you understand technical things as a kid (albeit simplified). You realise that you can learn really interesting things far more easily than in school!
Well-written technical books are phenomenal. Makes school seem more dreadful once you find a beautiful book to learn from on your own.
Politics and the English Language, and the Lion and the Unicorn by Orwell. Never wasted anything in his writing
Not sure if this fits your parameters, but I'd submit Young Men and Fire by Norman Maclean.
Marcella Hazan's 'The Essentials of Italian Cooking' is a very pleasant cookbook to read. Her grocery guide 'Ingredienti' has a similar tone of warm mentorship with simple and effective language. Both feature pretty stencil drawings of the foods. And, if you can, make her bolognese; it's time-consuming but very tasty
Cookbooks are generally so poorly written that it is a delight to find one that is a proper book and not a collection of recipes.
https://ia601400.us.archive.org/1/items/workout-books/Diet-Nutrition-Supplementation/Cooking/Marcella%20Hazan%20-%20Essentials%20of%20Classic%20Italian%20Cooking%20%20%20%282010%2C%20Knopf%20Doubleday%20Publishing%20Group%29%20-%20libgen.lc.pdf Here's 'Essentials' if you'd like a look. The PDF is formatted much uglier than the physical book, unfortunately.
M.F.K. Fisher's How to Cook a Wolf. Claude Levi-Strauss' Tristes Tropiques (although that verges on the literary). The geographical writings of Denis Cosgrove (that's my deep cut, you can't believe how beautiful the concept of aerial photography and the cartographic imagination really is).
Second M.F.K. Fisher
Foucault, The Order of Things Bachelard, The Psychoanalysis of Fire Pierre Bayard, How to Talk About Books You Haven't Read
To start, I found Slyvanus P. Thompson's *Calculus Made Easy* to be a refreshing contrast to modern textbooks, which aim at encyclopedic comprehensiveness at the expense of giving you a deep, intuitive sense of the core ideas of a subject. I think I've plugged it here before, but Bryan Garner's *Modern American Usage* is somehow both a functional reference work and a set of hundreds of insightful essays on language.
Surprised nobody has mentioned Bowling Alone by Robert D. Putnam yet. The definitive text on American loneliness in the 20th century, charting its decline from a purely sociological and statistical standpoint. Like 60% of the book is facts and figures of declining attendances in fraternal organizations like the freemasons or unions, but my nerd ass found it very impactful.